There are hundreds of automobile manufacturers operating in China, a country with the largest automotive industry in the world. It includes state-owned manufacturers, privately owned manufacturers, foreign manufacturers, and joint ventures between local and foreign manufacturers.

State-owned manufacturers/brands

Central government controlled state-owned enterprises

Local government controlled state-owned enterprises

Independent manufacturers/brands

Former manufacturers/brands

Bankruptcy

State-owned manufactures

  • Bamin (1980's–2010)
  • Disai (1989–1996)
  • Guizhou Yunque (1989–2005)
  • Shuanghuan Auto (1988–2016)
    • Hongxing (1960–2004; acquired by Shuanghuan)
  • Shenyang Heibao (2001–2005)

Independent manufactures

Acquisition or defunct subsidiary

Foreign manufacturers/brands

Until 2017, Chinese automotive policy required that a foreign carmaker must form a joint-venture with a Chinese carmaker if the former plans to produce vehicles in the country, with the Chinese carmaker owning 51% of the joint venture. However, since 2017, the Chinese government had indicated that it would liberalize foreign control in the automotive sector, allowing full ownership by foreign companies.[8]

In 2017, Tesla has been allowed to set up a plant in Shanghai city, make it the first foreign automaker to open a wholly owned factory in China.[9] In 2022, BMW and Volkswagen had acquired 75% stake in their joint ventures, which enables them to have the majority control of its Chinese joint ventures.

  • Tesla
  • BMW
  • Volkswagen
    • Volkswagen Anhui (joint-venture with JAC, a majority 78.52% stake was acquired by Volkswagen in 2020)
  • Ford
    • Ford Beyond (2022–present, Jiangling Ford Technology, joint venture with Jiangling Motors,[10] Ford holds 65.32% majority of stake indirectly)

Foreign joint ventures/brands

Before 2017, foreign automotive companies establishing joint ventures in China had to adhere to two requirements.

  1. The ownership ratio for foreign manufacturers in joint ventures in China was not allowed to exceed 50%, with the common scenario being a 51:49 ownership ratio between the Chinese and foreign partners.
  2. The maximum of only two joint ventures could be established.[11]

Since 2017, the Chinese government had indicated that it would liberalize foreign control in the automotive sector, allowing full ownership by foreign companies. Volkswagen, for example, has already established two joint ventures (being FAW, SAIC) since 1980s, established its third joint venture VW-JAC.

Below is a list of major car company joint ventures ever existed in Mainland China (truck and coach JVs not included). Early 1980s-90s CKD assembly agreements are not included as the production numbers are typically negligible compared to later JV efforts. Technology transfer agreements to domestic brands are also not included.

Current and defunct joint venture manufacturer in Mainland China

Manufacturer of Taiwan, China (Republic of China)

Due to the limited market size, automotive manufacturers in Taiwan, China, have relatively small-scale operations. The majority of major manufacturers engage in contract manufacturing for foreign car brands from Japan and the US. Only a few manufactures, like Yulon and China Motor, have their own brands.

Domestic manufacturers/brand

Foreign manufacturers

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Chinese Car Brands That Time Forgot: Anqing Anhui – Anda'er | ChinaCarHistory". 2018-01-10. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
  2. ↑ "BYD, Niu Technologies-backed Niutron reportedly take over failed automaker Dorcen's plants". CnEVPost. 2021-12-13. Retrieved 2021-12-13.
  3. ↑ "Zhejiang Green Field Motor". China Car Forums. Retrieved 2021-09-16.
  4. ↑ "绿野汽车成空壳 拖欠3亿元货款-盖世汽车资讯". auto.gasgoo.com. Retrieved 2021-09-16.
  5. 1 2 "谁还记得成都夜明珠汽车？它推出的车型不多，但每一台都很有趣_车家号_发现车生活_汽车之家". chejiahao.autohome.com.cn (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved 2023-12-12.
  6. ↑ "Company profile-Fujian New Forta Automobile Industry Co., Ltd". www.forta.com.cn. Retrieved 2021-09-15.
  7. ↑ "Leapmotor's buyout of New Forta said to for car manufacturing qualification". Gasgoo. Retrieved 2021-09-25.
  8. ↑ "China Rolls Closer to Relaxed Ownership Rules for Foreign Electric-Car Makers". Caixin. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
  9. ↑ "Tesla to set up China plant without local partners". Nikkei Asia. Retrieved 2023-09-18.
  10. ↑ Ford holds 32% of Jiangling Motors, Jiangling Motors holds 51:49 with Ford in Jiangling Ford. Thus Ford holds 65.32% of Jiangling Ford indirectly.
  11. ↑ "明年将取消乘用车外资股比和合资企业不超过2家的限制". www.scio.gov.cn. Retrieved 2021-08-27.
  12. ↑ "Stellantis Implements Asset-light Approach to Grow Jeep® Brand in China and Negotiates Termination of Local Joint Venture with GAC Group". www.media.stellantis.com. Retrieved 2022-07-18.
  13. ↑ "三菱自動車 中国生産から撤退へ". Yahoo!ニュース (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-09-27.
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