This is a list of sovereign states in the 1910s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1910 and 31 December 1919. It contains entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes widely recognized sovereign states, and entities which were de facto sovereign but which were not widely recognized by other states.

Sovereign states by year
List of sovereign states in 1909 Events of 1910 List of sovereign states in 1911

Sovereign states

Name and capital city Information on status and recognition of sovereignty

A

 Afghanistan – Emirate of Afghanistan
Capital: Kabul		 Widely recognized independent state from 8 August 1919.[1]
→ Albania (from 28 November 1912) Limited sovereignty for occupatio bellica by the Balkan League states. Recognized independent state de jure from 29 July 1913.[2][3] De facto Italian protectorate from 23 June 1917.
Andorra – Principality of Andorra
Capital: Andorra La Vella		 Widely recognized independent state.[4]
 Angoche – Angoche Sultanate (to 1910)
Capital: Angoche		 Widely recognized state.
Ankole – Kingdom of Ankole
Capital: Mbarara
 Argentina – Argentine Republic
Capital: Buenos Aires		 Widely recognized independent state
Armenia – Republic of Armenia (from 28 May 1918)
Capital: Yerevan		 Widely recognized state.
Asir – Idrisid Emirate of Asir (from 3 August 1917)
Capital: Sabya		 Widely recognized independent state
Aussa – Sultanate of Aussa
Capital: Aussa		 Widely recognized state.
 Australia – Commonwealth of Australia (Dominion of the British Empire)
Capital: Melbourne		 Widely recognized independent state. Australia is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom. Australia had two external territories:
Austria Austria (from 12 November 1918)
Capital: Vienna 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Austria-Hungary – Austro-Hungarian Empire (to 31 October 1918)[5]
Capital: Vienna and Budapest		 Widely recognized independent state. Austria-Hungary had one concession:
Azerbaijan – Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (from 28 May 1918)[6]
Capital: Ganja (to September, 1918), Baku (from September, 1918)		 Widely recognized state.

B

 Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium
Capital: Brussels		 Widely recognized state. Belgium had one colony and one concession:
 Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan (to January 8, 1910)
Capital: Thimphu		 Widely recognized state.
 Bolivia – Republic of Bolivia
Capital: Sucre		 Widely recognized state.
Brazil Brazil – Republic of the United States of Brazil
Capital: Rio de Janeiro		 Widely recognized state. Brazil was a federation of 20 states, one territory, and one federal district.[lower-alpha 1]
 Bulgaria – Kingdom of Bulgaria
Capital: Sofia		 Widely recognized state.

C

 Canada – Dominion of Canada (Dominion of the British Empire)
Capital: Ottawa		 Widely recognized state. Canada is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom.
 Chile – Republic of Chile
Capital: Santiago		 Widely recognized state.
→ → → China
Capital: Peking 		Widely recognized state.
 Colombia – Republic of Colombia
Capital: Bogotá		 Widely recognized state.
Costa Rica– First Republic of Costa Rica
Capital: San José		 Widely recognized state.
 Crete – Cretan State (de jure to December 1, 1913)
Capital: Chania		 De jure autonomous state of the Ottoman Empire to December 1, 1913. De facto unilaterally annexed by Greece.
 Cuba – Republic of Cuba
Capital: Havana		 Widely recognized state.
Czechoslovakia – Czechoslovak Republic (from October 28, 1918)
Capital: Prague		 Widely recognized state.

D

Dar al Kuti – Sultanate of Dar Al Kuti (to 1911)
Capital: N'Délé		 Widely recognized state.
Darfur – Sultanate of Darfur (to 1916)
Capital: El Fasher		 Widely recognized state.
 Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark
Capital: Copenhagen		 Widely recognized state. Denmark had two colonies and one dependency:
 Dominican Republic – Dominican Republic
Capital: Santo Domingo		 Widely recognized state. Under United States military occupation from May 5, 1916.

E

 Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador
Capital: Quito		 Widely recognized state.
→ El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador
Capital: San Salvador		 Widely recognized state.
Estonia Widely recognized state.
 Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire
Capital: Addis Ababa		 Widely recognized state.

F

→ & Finland
Capital: Helsinki 		Widely recognized state.
France – French Republic
Capital: Paris		 Widely recognized state. The following are colonies, concessions and protectorates of France:

G

Georgia – Democratic Republic of Georgia (from May 26, 1918)
Capital: Tiflis		 Widely recognized state. Immediately recognized by Germany and the Ottoman Empire.
→ Germany – German Realm
Capital: Berlin 		Widely recognized state. The following are colonies, concessions and protectorates of Germany:
 Greece – Kingdom of Greece
Capital: Athens		 Widely recognized state.
 Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala
Capital: Guatemala City		 Widely recognized state.

H

Ha'il – Emirate of Jabal Shammar
Capital: Ha'il		 Widely recognized state.
– Republic of Haiti
Capital: Port-au-Prince		 Widely recognized state. Under United States military occupation from July 28, 1915.
→ Hejaz – Hashemite Kingdom of Hejaz (from June 10, 1916)
Capital: Mecca		 Widely recognized state.
 Honduras – Republic of Honduras
Capital: Tegucicalpa		 Widely recognized state.
→ → → Hungary
Capital: Budapest 		Unrecognized state from August 1 to 8, 1919.

I

 Iceland – Kingdom of Iceland (from December 1, 1918)
Capital: Reykjavík		 Widely recognized independent state under a personal union with Denmark. Still dependent from Denmark.
 Italy – Kingdom of Italy
Capital: Rome		 Widely recognized state. Italy had four colonies and one concession:

J

 Japan – Empire of Japan
Capital: Tokyo City		 Widely recognized state. Japan had sovereignty over the following protectorates, dependencies and concessions:

Japan administered one League of Nations mandate:

L

& Latvia (disputed between two governments) Widely recognized state.
 Liberia – Republic of Liberia
Capital: Monrovia		 Widely recognized state.
 Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
Capital: Vaduz		 Widely recognized state.
→ & Lithuania
Capital: Vilnius 		Widely recognized state.
 Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Capital: Luxembourg City		 Widely recognized state. Limited sovereignty for occupatio bellica.

M

Mbundaland – Mbunda Kingdom (to 1917)
Capital: Lumbala N'guimbo		 Widely recognized state.
 Mexico – United Mexican States
Capital: Mexico City		 Widely recognized state. Mexico had one territory:
 Monaco – Principality of Monaco
Capital: Monaco		 Widely recognized state.
Mongolia - Great Mongolian State[8] (from December 29, 1911)
Capital: Niislel Khuree		 Widely recognized state. Still dependent from China.
→ Montenegro
Capital: Cetinje 		Widely recognized state. Limited sovereignty for occupatio bellica to December 1, 1918.
Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco (to March 30, 1912)
Capital: Fes		 De jure sovereign state under French and Spanish protectorate from March 30, 1912.[9][10]
Mountain Republic - Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus (from March 6, 1917)
Capital: Temir-Khan-Shura		 Widely recognized state.
 Muscat and Oman – Sultanate of Muscat and Oman
Capital: Muscat		 De jure independent state. De facto a British protectorate.

N

→ Riyadh / Nejd
Capital: Riyadh 		Widely recognized state.
 Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands
Capital: Amsterdam		 Widely recognized independent state. The Netherlands had sovereignty over three colonies:
 Newfoundland – Dominion of Newfoundland
Capital: St. John's		 Widely recognized state. Newfoundland is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom.
New Zealand New Zealand – Dominion of New Zealand
Capital: Wellington		 Widely recognized state. New Zealand is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom. The following are territories of New Zealand:
 Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua
Capital: Managua		 Widely recognized state. Under United States military occupation from 1912.
 Nri – Kingdom of Nri (to 1911)
Capital: Igbo-Ukwu		 Widely recognized state.
 Norway – Kingdom of Norway
Capital: Oslo		 Widely recognized state. Norway had three uninhabited possessions:

O

 Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State
Capital: Constantinople		 Widely recognized state. Ottoman Empire had one protectorate:
 Ouaddai – Sultanate of Ouaddai (to 1912)
Capital: Abeche		 Widely recognized state.

P

 Panama – Republic of Panama
Capital: Panama City		 Widely recognized state.
 Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay
Capital: Asuncion		 Widely recognized state.
Persia – Persian Empire
Capital: Tehran		 Widely recognized state.
 Peru – Peruvian Republic
Capital: Lima		 Widely recognized independent state.
Poland (from January 14, 1917)
Capital: Warsaw 		Client / Puppet state of Germany until November 11, 1918. Widely recognized independent state from November 11, 1918.
→ Portugal
Capital: Lisbon 		Widely recognized independent state. The following are colonies, vassal state and possession of Portugal:

R

 Romania – Kingdom of Romania
Capital: Bucharest		 Widely recognized state.
→ → Russia
Capital: Saint Petersburg 		Widely recognized state. Russia had three protectorates, one concession and one autonomous grand duchy:

S

 San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
Capital: San Marino		 Widely recognized state.
→ Serbia / Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
Capital: Belgrade 		Widely recognized state. Limited sovereignty for occupatio bellica to December 1, 1918.
Setul Mambang Segara – Kingdom of Setul Mambang Segara (to 1916)
Capital: Kota Mambang Segara		 Widely recognized state.
→ Thailand → Siam – Kingdom of Siam
Capital: Bangkok		 Widely recognized state.
→  South Africa – Union of South Africa (Dominion of the British Empire) (from May 31, 1910)
Capital: Pretoria		 Widely recognized independent state. South Africa is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom. South Africa has one mandate:
Spain Spain – Kingdom of Spain
Capital: Madrid		 Widely recognized state. Spain had three colonies, one protectorate and two possessions:
Sulu – Sultanate of Sulu (to 1915)
Capital: Jolo		 Widely recognized state.
 Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden
Capital: Stockholm		 Widely recognized state.
  Switzerland – Swiss Confederation
Capital: Bern		 Widely recognized state.

T

Tibet (from 1912)
Capital: Lhasa		 De facto independent state. Claimed by the Republic of China.
Transcaucasia – Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (from February 22 to May 28, 1918)
Capital: Tiflis		 Widely recognized independent state.

U

 United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Capital: London		 Widely recognized state. The following are colonies, territories, dependencies and protectorates of the United Kingdom:
→  United States – United States of America
Capital: Washington, D.C.		 Widely recognized state. The following are territories of the United States of America:
Upper Asir - Sheikdom of Upper Asir (from August 1916)
Capital: Abha		 Widely recognized state.
 Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay
Capital: Montevideo		 Widely recognized state.

V

 Venezuela – United States of Venezuela
Capital: Caracas		 Widely recognized state.

Y

Yemen – Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (from October 30, 1918)
Capital: Sana`a		 Widely recognized independent state.[11][12]

States claiming sovereignty

Alash – Alash Autonomy (from December 13, 1917)
Capital: Alash-Qala		 Unrecognized state.[13]
Alsace-Lorraine – Alsace-Lorraine Soviet Republic (from November 10 to 22, 1918)
Capital: Straßburg		 Unrecognized socialist state created during the German Revolution after the World War I.
Altai – Confederated Republic of Altai (from 1917)
Capital: Gorno-Altaysk		 Unrecognized state.
Aras – Republic of Aras (from December 1918 to June 1919)
Capital: Nakhchivan		 Unrecognized state.
Banat Republic (from October 31, 1918 to February 20, 1919)
Capital: Timișoara		 Unrecognized state. Client state of the Hungarian People's Republic to November 1918. Client state of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes from November 1918.
→ Bavaria
Capital: Munich 		Unrecognized socialist state created during the German Revolution after the World War I.
→ Belarus Partially-recognized state from 1918 to 1919. Puppet/Buffer State of Soviet Russia from January 1, 1919.
Bottleneck – Free State Bottleneck (from January 10, 1919)
Capital: Lorch		 Unoccupied territory within post-World War I Germany.
Bremen – Bremen Soviet Republic (from January 10 to February 4, 1919)
Capital: Bremen		 Unrecognized socialist state created during the German Revolution after the World War I.
Central Albania – Republic of Central Albania (from October 16, 1913 to March 7, 1914)
Capital: Durrës		 Unrecognized state.
Centrocaspian Dictatorship – Centro-Caspian Dictatorship (from August 1 to September 15, 1918)
Capital: Baku		 Unrecognized state.
Courland and Semigallia – Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (from March 8 to September 22, 1918)
Capital: Riga		 Client state of Germany.
→ Crimea
Capital: Bakhchysarai 		Self-proclaimed autonomy of the Russian Democratic Federative Republic.
Don – Don Republic (from May 18, 1918)
Capital: Novocherkassk		 Unrecognized state.
Donbas and Kryvbas – Donets-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic (from February 12 to March 20, 1918)
Capital: Kharkiv		 Unrecognized, self-declared state.
Hutsul Republic (from January 8 to June 11, 1919)
Capital: Yasinia		 Unrecognized state.
Icaria – Free State of Icaria (from July 18 to November 1912)
Capital: Icaria		 Unrecognized state.
Idel-Ural – Idel-Ural State (from March 1, 1918 to April 1918)
Capital: Ufa		 Semi-Independent state.
Ireland – Irish Republic (from January 21, 1919)
Capital: Dublin		 Revolutionary state.
Kars Republic – Provisional National Government of the Southwestern Caucasus (from December 1, 1918 to April 1919)
Capital: Kars		 Nominally-independent provisional government.
Kokand – Turkestan Autonomy (from November 27, 1917 to February 22, 1918)
Capital: Kokand		 Unrecognized state.
Komancza – Komancza Republic (from November 4, 1918 to January 24, 1919)
Capital: Komańcza		 Microstate.
Korea, Provisional Government of – Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea (from April 11, 1919)
Capital-in-exile: Shanghai		 Partially recognized Korean government-in-exile.
 Kuban – Kuban People's Republic (from January 28, 1918)
Capital: Yekaterinodar		 Unrecognized state.
Lemko Republic – Lemko-Rusyn People's Republic (from December 5, 1918)
Capital: Florynka		 Unrecognized state from December 5, 1918.[14]
Lithuania-Byelorussia – Lithuanian-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (from February 17 to July 17, 1919)
Capital: Vilnius, Minsk, and Smolensk		 Soviet puppet state from February 17 to July 17, 1919.
Moldova – Moldavian Democratic Republic (from December 15, 1917 to December 10, 1918)
Capital: Argyrokastron		 Unrecognized state.
Northern Epirus – Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus (from February 28 to May 17, 1914)
Capital: Argyrokastron		 Unrecognized, self-declared independent state. Autonomy under nominal (unimplemented) Albanian sovereignty from May 17, 1914; de facto under Greek administration from October 27, 1914.
North Ingria – Republic of North Ingria (from January 23, 1919)
Capital: Kirjasalo		 Unrecognized state.
Oman, Imamate of – Imamate of Oman (from 1913)
Capital: Nizwa		 Unrecognized state.
Odessa – Odessa Soviet Republic (from January 17 to March 13, 1918)
Capital: Odessa		 Puppet state of Soviet Russia.
Perloja – Republic of Perloja (from November 1918) Unrecognized state.
Saxony – Soviet Republic of Saxony (from November 13, 1918 to March 14, 1919)
Capital: Dresden		 Unrecognized socialist state created during the German Revolution after the World War I.
Slovakia – Slovak Soviet Republic (from June 16 to July 7, 1919)
Capital: Prešov		 Puppet state of the Hungarian Soviet Republic.
Slovenes, Croats and Serbs – State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (from October 29 to December 1, 1918)
Capital: Zagreb		 Unrecognized provisional government.
Syria – Arab Kingdom of Syria (from November 26, 1919)
Capital: Damascus		 De facto independent state not recognized by any other state.[15]
Tarnobrzeg – Republic of Tarnobrzeg (from November 6, 1918, to spring 1919)
Capital: Tarnobrzeg		 Unrecognized state.
Tripolitania – Tripolitanian Republic (from November 16, 1918)
Capital: ‘Aziziya		 Unrecognized state.
Uhtua – Republic of Uhtua (from June 21, 1918)
Capital: Uhtua		 Unrecognized state.
Ukraine (separated into several governments)
Uryankhay – Uryankhay Republic (from December 1, 1911 to April 17, 1914)
Capital: Belotsarsk		 Self-declared independent state.
Western Thrace – Independent Government of Western Thrace (from August 31 to October 25, 1913)
Capital: Komotini		 Unrecognized state.
Würzburg – Würzburg Soviet Republic (from April 7 to 9, 1919)
Capital: Würzburg		 Unrecognized socialist state created during the German Revolution after the World War I.
Zakopane – Republic of Zakopane (from October 13 to November 16, 1918)
Capital: Zakopane		 Unrecognized state.

Notes

References

  1. ↑ "Anglo-Afghan Wars". Encyclopedia Britannica.
  2. ↑ "Albania — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". CIA.
  3. ↑ "1912 | The Declaration of Albanian Independence". Albanianhistory.net. Retrieved 2022-02-20.
  4. ↑ "Andorra", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2021-10-06, retrieved 2021-10-20
  5. ↑ "World War I - The collapse of Austria-Hungary". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved October 21, 2021.
  6. ↑ "Azerbaijan— The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". CIA.
  7. ↑ "Estonian Declaration of Independence, 24 February 1918". 2009-05-22. Archived from the original on 2009-05-22. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
  8. ↑ "Mongolia - The World Factbook". Cia.gov. 2022-02-14. Retrieved 2022-02-20.
  9. ↑ International Law: Achievements and Prospects, p. 51, at Google Books
  10. ↑ Repertory of Decisions of the International Court of Justice (1947–1992), p. 453, at Google Books
  11. ↑ "Kingdom of Yemen (1918-1962)". fotw.info. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
  12. ↑ "Yemen", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2021-10-06, retrieved 2021-10-20
  13. ↑ Ubiria, Grigol (16 September 2015). Soviet Nation-Building in Central Asia:The Making of the Kazakh and Uzbek Nations. Routledge. p. 242. ISBN 9781317504351. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  14. ↑ "Lemko Republic of Florynka/Ruska narodna respublika Lemkiv". World Academy of Rusyn Culture. Archived from the original on 2010-06-14. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  15. ↑ Tauber, Eliezer (13 September 2013). The Formation of Modern Iraq and Syria. Routledge. pp. 30–. ISBN 978-1-135-20118-0.
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