This is a list of sovereign states in the 1930s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1930 and 31 December 1939. It contains entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes widely recognized sovereign states, entities which were de facto sovereign but which were not widely recognized by other states, and 1 state which was initially unrecognized but then gained full recognition later in the decade.

Sovereign states

Name and capital city Information on status and recognition of sovereignty

A

→ Afghanistan – Kingdom of Afghanistan
Capital: Kabul		 Widely recognized independent state. LON member state from September 27, 1934.
Albania – Albanian Kingdom (to April 12, 1939)
Capital: Tirana		 Widely recognized LON member state. Under occupation by Italy from 12 April 12, 1939.
→ Andorra – Principality of Andorra
Capital: Andorra la Vella		 Widely recognized independent state.
 Argentina – Argentine Republic
Capital: Buenos Aires		 Widely recognized LON member state. Argentina was a federation of 15 provinces and 9 federal territories.[lower-alpha 1] It had a claim over Argentine Antarctica. It also claimed the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, both of which were British crown colonies.
Aussa – Sultanate of Aussa (to 1936)
Capital: Aussa		 Widely recognized state. Annexed into Italian East Africa.
 Australia – Commonwealth of Australia
Capital: Canberra		 Widely recognized LON member state; Commonwealth realm. Australia was a federation of six states and three territories.[lower-alpha 2] It had sovereignty over the following external territories:

Australia administered two League of Nations mandates:

  • Nauru (Administered by Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom)
  • New Guinea
→ Austria (to March 12, 1938)
Capital: Vienna 		Widely recognized LON member state. Annexed by Nazi Germany on March 12, 1938.

B

 Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium
Capital: Brussels		 Widely recognized LON member state. Belgium had sovereignty over one colony and one concession:

Belgium administered one League of Nations mandate:

 Bolivia – Republic of Bolivia

Capital: Sucre (official), La Paz (administrative)

 Widely recognized independent state.
Brazil – Republic of the United States of Brazil
Capital: Rio de Janeiro		 Widely recognized independent state. Brazil was a federation of 20 states, one territory, and one federal district.[lower-alpha 3]
 Bulgaria – Kingdom of Bulgaria
Capital: Sofia		 Widely recognized LON member state.

C

 Canada – Dominion of Canada
Capital: Ottawa		 Widely recognized LON member state; Commonwealth realm.
Chile
Capital: Santiago
  • Republic of Chile (to June 4, 1932)
  • Socialist Republic of Chile (from June 4 to September 13, 1932)
  • Republic of Chile (from September 13, 1932)
 Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on May 14, 1938.
 China – Republic of China
Capital: Nanjing		 Widely recognized LON member state.
 Colombia – Republic of Colombia
Capital: Bogotá		 Widely recognized LON member state.
 Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica
Capital: San José		 Widely recognized independent state.
 Cuba – Republic of Cuba
Capital: Havana		 Widely recognized LON member state.
 Czechoslovakia – Czechoslovak Republic (to 14 March 1939)
Capital: Prague 		Widely recognized LON member state. Under occupation by Nazi Germany from 15 May 1939. A government in exile was regarded as the legitimate government by the Allies.

D

 Danzig – Free City of Danzig (to 12 September 1939)
Capital: Danzig		 Widely recognized independent state. Annexed by Nazi Germany from 12 September 1939.
 Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark
Capital: Copenhagen		 Widely recognized LON member state. Denmark had sovereignty over one possession:
 Dominican Republic
Capital: Santo Domingo		 Widely recognized LON member state.

E

Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador
Capital: Quito		 Widely recognized independent state. LON member state from September 28, 1934.
 Kingdom of Egypt – Kingdom of Egypt
Capital: Cairo		 Widely recognized independent state. LON member state from May 26, 1937.
 El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador
Capital: San Salvador		 Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on August 11, 1937.
 Estonia – Republic of Estonia
Capital: Tallinn		 Widely recognized LON member state.
 Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire (to 9 May 1936)
Capital: Addis Ababa		 Widely recognized LON member state. Under occupation by Italy from May 9, 1936, and annexed into Italian East Africa from June 1, 1936.

F

 Finland – Republic of Finland
Capital: Helsinki		 Widely recognized LON member state.
France – French Republic
Capital: Paris		 Widely recognized LON member state. France administered the foreign affairs of the following colonies and protectorates:

France administered the following League of Nations mandates:

G

→ → Germany – German Reich
Capital: Berlin 		Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on October 19, 1933.
→ Greece
Capital: Athens 		Widely recognized LON member state.
 Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala
Capital: Guatemala City		 Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on May 26, 1936.

H

 Haiti – Republic of Haiti
Capital: Port-au-Prince		 Widely recognized LON member state.
 Hatay – Hatay State (from 7 September 1938 to 7 July 1939)
Capital: Antakya		 Widely recognized independent state. Annexed by Turkey from 7 July 1939.
 Honduras – Republic of Honduras
Capital: Tegucigalpa		 Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on July 10, 1936.
 Hungary – Kingdom of Hungary
Capital: Budapest		 Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on April 11, 1939.

I

 Iceland – Kingdom of Iceland
Capital: Reykjavik		 Widely recognized independent state.
Persia / Iran
Capital: Tehran
  • Imperial State of Persia (to 21 March 1935)
  • Imperial State of Iran (from 21 March 1935)
 Widely recognized LON member state.
Iraq – Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq (from 3 October 1932)
Capital: Baghdad		 Widely recognized independent state. LON member state from October 3, 1932.
Ireland
Capital: Dublin 		Widely recognized LON member state; Commonwealth realm.
 Italy – Kingdom of Italy
Capital: Rome		 Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on December 11, 1937. Italy had sovereignty over two colonies (four colonies until January 1934 and three colonies until June 1936) and one concession:

J

 Japan – Empire of Japan
Capital: Tokyo		 Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on March 27, 1933. Japan had sovereignty over the following dependencies and concessions:

Japan administered one League of Nations mandate:

L

 Latvia – Republic of Latvia
Capital: Riga		 Widely recognized LON member state.
 Liberia – Republic of Liberia
Capital: Monrovia		 Widely recognized LON member state.
→ Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
Capital: Vaduz		 Widely recognized independent state.
 Lithuania – Republic of Lithuania
Capital: Vilnius		 Widely recognized LON member state.
 Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Capital: Luxembourg City		 Widely recognized LON member state.

M

→  Mexico – United Mexican States
Capital: Mexico City		 Widely recognized independent state. LON member state from September 12, 1931; declared a member on September 12, 1931. Mexico had sovereignty over one territory:
 Monaco – Principality of Monaco
Capital: Monaco City		 Widely recognized independent state.

N

→ → → Nejd and Hejaz – (personal union to 23 September 1932), Saudi Arabia (from September 23, 1932)
Capital: Riyadh 		Widely recognized independent state. Nejd and Hejaz had sovereignty over one protectorate:
  • Asir (to November 20, 1930)
Nepal – Kingdom of Nepal
Capital: Kathmandu		 Widely recognized independent state.
 Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands
Capital: Amsterdam		 Widely recognized LON member state. The Netherlands had sovereignty over three colonies:
 Newfoundland – Dominion of Newfoundland (de facto to February 16, 1934)
Capital: St. John's		 Widely recognized independent state; de facto Commonwealth realm to February 16, 1934.
New Zealand – Dominion of New Zealand
Capital: Wellington		 Widely recognized LON member state; Commonwealth realm. New Zealand had sovereignty over four dependent territories:

New Zealand administered one League of Nations mandate:

 Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua
Capital: Managua		 Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on June 27, 1936.
 Norway – Kingdom of Norway
Capital: Oslo		 Widely recognized LON member state. Norway had sovereignty over three uninhabited possessions:

P

 Panama – Republic of Panama
Capital: Panama City		 Widely recognized LON member state.
 Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay
Capital: Asunción		 Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on February 23, 1935.
 Peru – Peruvian Republic
Capital: Lima		 Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on April 8, 1939.
Poland – Republic of Poland (to 6 October 1939)
Capital: Warsaw		 Widely recognized LON member state. Under occupation by Nazi Germany from 6 October 1939. A government in exile was regarded as the legitimate government by the Allies.
Portugal – Portuguese Republic
Capital: Lisbon		 Widely recognized LON member state. The following are colonies and possession of Portugal:

R

 Romania – Kingdom of Romania
Capital: Bucharest		 Widely recognized LON member state.

S

 San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
Capital: San Marino		 Widely recognized independent state.
Siam / Thailand
Capital: Bangkok
  • Kingdom of Siam (to 23 June 1939)
  • Kingdom of Thailand (from 23 June 1939)
 Widely recognized LON member state.
 South Africa – Union of South Africa
Capital: Pretoria (administrative), Cape Town (legislative), Pietermaritzburg (archival), Bloemfontein (judicial)		 Widely recognized LON member state; Commonwealth realm. South Africa administered one League of Nations mandate:
 Soviet Union – Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Capital: Moscow		 Widely recognized independent state. LON member state from September 18, 1934; expelled on December 14, 1939. The Soviet Union was a federation of seven (later 11) republics.[lower-alpha 5]
→ → Francoist Spain Spain
Capital: Madrid (1930–1936), Valencia (1936–1937), Barcelona (1937–1939) 		Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew in May 1939. Spain had sovereignty over the following colonies, possession and protectorate:
 Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden
Capital: Stockholm		 Widely recognized LON member state.
  Switzerland – Swiss Confederation
Capital: Bern		 Widely recognized LON member state.

T

Tibet
Capital: Lhasa		 De facto independent state. Claimed by the Republic of China.
 Turkey – Republic of Turkey
Capital: Ankara		 Widely recognized independent state. LON member state from July 18, 1932.

U

 United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Capital: London		 Widely recognized LON member state. The United Kingdom had sovereignty over 61 colonies:

United Kingdom administered the following League of Nations mandates:

 United States – United States of America
Capital: Washington, D.C.		 Widely recognized independent state. The United States had sovereignty over 21 territories:
 Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay
Capital: Montevideo		 Widely recognized LON member state.

V

 Vatican City – Vatican City State
Capital: Vatican City		 Widely recognized independent state.
→ Venezuela – United States of Venezuela
Capital: Caracas		 Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on July 12, 1938.

Y

Yemen – Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen
Capital: Sana'a		 Widely recognized independent state.
 Yugoslavia – Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Capital: Belgrade		 Widely recognized independent state.

Other entities

Excluded from the list above are the following noteworthy entities which either were not fully sovereign or did not claim to be independent:

Ararat – Republic of Ararat (to September 17, 1930)
Capital: Kurdava		 Unrecognized state.
 Carpatho-Ukraine (from March 15 to 15, 1939)
Capital: Khust		 Unrecognized state. Occupied by Hungary on March 15, 1939.
Catalonia Catalonia (from 14 to 17 April 1931 and from 6 to 7 October 1934)
Capital: Barcelona 		Self-declared state in 1931; became an autonomous government within the Spanish Republic, named Generalitat of Catalonia, from April 17, 1931. Self-declared revolutionary state in 1934 during the Events of 6 October.
China, Provisional Government of – Provisional Government of the Republic of China (from December 14, 1937)
Capital: Beiping		 Unrecognized state. Puppet state of Japan.
China, Reformed Government of – Reformed Government of the Republic of China (from March 28, 1938)
Capital: Nanjing		 Unrecognized state. Puppet state of Japan.
Democratic Finland – Finnish Democratic Republic (from December 1, 1939)
Capital: Helsinki (official), Terijoki (de facto)		 Partially recognized socialist republic. Puppet state of the Soviet Union.
East Hebei – East Hebei Autonomous Council (from November 25, 1935 to February 1, 1938)
Capital: Tungchow		 Unrecognized state. Puppet state of Japan.
East Turkestan – Turkish Islamic Republic of East Turkestan (from November 12, 1933 to February 6, 1934)
Capital: Kashgar		 De facto unrecognized independent state. De jure regional province of China.
Jiangxi – Chinese Soviet Republic (from November 7, 1931 to September 22, 1937)
Capital: Ruijin (1931–1936), Bao'an (1936–1937), Yan'an (1937)		 Unrecognized state.
Korea, Provisional Government of – Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea
Capital-in-exile: Shanghai (to 1932), Hangzhou (1932–1935), Jiaxing (1935), Nanjing (1935–1937), Changsha (1937–1938), Canton (1938–1939), Qijiang (from 1939)		 Partially recognized Korean government-in-exile.
 Manchukuo (from February 18, 1932)
Capital: Xinjing
  • State of Manchuria (from February 18, 1932 to March 1, 1934)
  • Empire of Great Manchuria (from March 1, 1934)
 Puppet state of Japan.
 Mengjiang – Mengjiang United Autonomous Government (from September 1, 1939)
Capital: Kalgan		 Puppet state of Japan.
Mongolia – Mongolian People's Republic
Capital: Ulaanbataar		 Satellite state of the Soviet Union.
Mongol Union (from May 12, 1936 to September 1, 1939)
Capital: Hohhot
  • Mongol Military Government (from May 12, 1936 to October 27, 1937)
  • Mongol United Autonomous Government (from October 27, 1937 to September 1, 1939)
 Puppet state of Japan. Became part of Mengjiang from September 1, 1939.
North Shanxi – North Shanxi Autonomous Government (from October 15, 1937 to September 1, 1939)
Capital: Datong		 Puppet state of Japan. Became part of Mengjiang from September 1, 1939.
Shanghai – Great Way Municipal Government of Shanghai (from December 5, 1937 to May 3, 1938)
Capital: Pudong		 Puppet government of Japan.
Slovakia – Slovak Republic (from March 14, 1939)
Capital: Bratislava		 Client state of Nazi Germany recognized by several neutral states.
South Chahar – South Chahar Autonomous Government (from September 4, 1937 to September 1, 1939)
Capital: Kalgan		 Puppet state of Japan. Became part of Mengjiang from September 1, 1939.
→ Tuva – Tuvan People's Republic
Capital: Khem-Beldyr (renamed Kyzyl in 1926)		 Partially recognized socialist republic. Satellite state of the Soviet Union.

See also

Notes

References

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