The post of Grand Imam of al-Azhar, or shaykh of al-Azhar, has been filled by a member of the ulema, the religious scholars, of Egypt. The position of G Imam is among the most prominent roles in Islam and is often considered to be the highest authority in Islamic jurisprudence. The Grand Imam of al-Azhar is the most prominent official religious role in Egypt.[1][2] Prior to the establishment of the post under the Ottoman Empire, the holder of that position was named Mushrif then later a Nazir.[3] Between 1860 and 1864 a board of scholars served the role as Grand Imam.[4]
Several of the Grand Imams served multiple terms; each term is listed separately. The original sources give the year based on the Islamic calendar, so the conversion to Gregorian years by later Western sources may not be precise.[4]
List
| Serving 1st term. | |
| Serving 2nd term. | |
| № | Portrait | Grand Imam | Began | End | Madhhab | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  |
Muhammad al-Kharashi (Arabic: محمد الخرشي) |
1679 | 1690 | Maliki | al-Kharashi (1601–1690) was born in Abu Kharash, Beheira Governorate |
| 2 |  |
Ibrahim al-Barmawi (Arabic: إبراهيم البرماوي) |
1690 | 1695 | Shafii | al-Barmawi (died 1695) was born in Barma, Gharbia Governorate |
| 3 | Muhammad al-Nasharti (Arabic: محمد النشرتي) |
1695 | 1709 | Maliki | al-Nasharti (died 1709) was born in Nashart, Kafr El Sheikh Governorate | |
| 4 |  |
Abd al-Baqi al-Qalini (Arabic: عبد الباقي القليني) |
1709 | 1709 | Maliki | al-Qalini was born in Qallin, Kafr El Sheikh Governorate |
| 5 | Muhammad Shanan (Arabic: محمد شنن) |
1709 | 1720 | Maliki | Shanan (1656–1720) was born in Al Gadeyah, Beheira Governorate | |
| 6 |  |
Ibrahim al-Fayyumi (Arabic: إبراهيم الفيومي) |
1720 | 1724 | Maliki | al-Fayyumi (1652–1724) was born in Faiyum, Faiyum Governorate |
| 7 | Abdullah al-Shubrawi (Arabic: عبد الله الشبراوي) |
1724 | 1758 | Shafii | al-Shubrawi (1681–1758) was born in Cairo, Cairo Governorate | |
| 8 |  |
Muhammad al-Hiffnawi (Arabic: محمد بن سالم الحفني) |
1758 | 1767 | Shafii | al-Hiffnawi (1688–1768) was born in Hiffna, Sharqia Governorate |
| 9 | Abd al-Rauf al-Sajini (Arabic: عبد الرؤوف السجيني) |
1767 | 1769 | Shafii | al-Sajini was born in Sagin Al Kom, Gharbia Governorate | |
| 10 |  |
Ahmed al-Damanhuri (Arabic: أحمد الدمنهوري) |
1769 | 1778 | Shafii | al-Damanhuri was born in Damanhur, Beheira Governorate |
| 11 | Ahmed al-Arusi (Arabic: أحمد العروسي) |
1778 | 1793 | Shafii | Ahmed al-Arusi (1720–1804) was born in Manyal Arous, Monufia Governorate. He was the father of #14 Muhammed al-Arusi, grandfather of #20 Mustafa al-Arusi. | |
| 12 | Abdullah al-Sharqawi (Arabic: عبد الله الشرقاوي) |
1793 | 1812 | Shafii | al-Sharqawi (1737–1812) was born in At Tawilah, Sharqia Governorate | |
| 13 | Muhammed al-Shanawani (Arabic: محمد الشنواني) |
1812 | 1818 | Shafii | al-Shanawani (died 1818) was born in Shanawan, Monufia Governorate | |
| 14 | Muhammed al-Arusi (Arabic: محمد العروسي) |
1818 | 1829 | Shafii | Muhammed al-Arusi was the son of #11 Ahmed al-Arusi, father of #20 Mustafa al-Arusi. | |
| 15 |  |
Ahmed al-Damhuji (Arabic: أحمد الدمهوجي) |
1829 | 1830 | Shafii | al-Damhuji (1761–1831) was born in Damhuj, Monufia Governorate |
| 16 | Hasan al-Attar (Arabic: حسن العطار) |
1830 | 1834 | Shafii | al-Attar (1766–1835) was born in Cairo, Cairo Governorate. He was of Moroccan origin. | |
| 17 |  |
Hasan al-Quwaysini (Arabic: حسن القويسني) |
1834 | 1838 | Shafii | al-Quwaysini (died 1838) was born in Quesna, Monufia Governorate |
| 18 | Ahmed al-Sa'im al-Safti (Arabic: أحمد السفطي) |
1838 | 1847 | Shafii | al-Safti was born in Saft El Arfa, Beni Suef Governorate | |
| 19 |  |
Ibrahim al-Bajuri (Arabic: إبراهيم الباجوري) |
1847 | 1864 | Shafii | al-Bajuri (1784–1864) was born in El Bagour, Monufia Governorate |
| 20 | Mustafa al-Arusi (Arabic: مصطفى العروسي) |
1864 | 1870 | Shafii | Mustafa al-Arusi (1798–1876) was the son of #14 Muhammed al-Arusi, grandson of #11 Ahmed al-Arusi. | |
| 21 | Muhammad al-Mahdi (Arabic: محمد المهدي العباسي) |
1870 | 1881 | Hanafi | al-Mahdi (1827–1897) was born in Alexandria, Alexandria Governorate | |
| 22 |  |
Shams al-Din Muhammad al-Imbabi (Arabic: شمس الدين الأنبابي) |
1881 | 1882 | Shafii | al-Imbabi (1824–1896) was born in Cairo, originally from Imbaba, Giza Governorate |
| 23 | Muhammad al-Mahdi (Arabic: محمد المهدي العباسي) |
1882 | 1886 | Hanafi | ||
| 24 | |
Shams al-Din Muhammad al-Imbabi (Arabic: شمس الدين الأنبابي) |
1886 | 1895 | Shafii | |
| 25 | Hassunah al-Nawawi (Arabic: حسونة النواوي) |
1895 | 1899 | Hanafi | al-Nawawi (1839–1924) was born in Nawai, Asyut Governorate | |
| 26 | Abd al-Rahman al-Qutb al-Nawawi (Arabic: عبد الرحمن القطب النواوي) |
1899 | 1899 | Hanafi | al-Nawawi (died 1909) was born in Nawai, Asyut Governorate | |
| 27 |  |
Salim al-Bishri (Arabic: سليم البشري) |
1899 | 1903 | Maliki | al-Bishri (1832–1916) was born in Mahallat Bishr, Beheira Governorate |
| 28 |  |
Ali al-Biblawi (Arabic: علي الببلاوي) |
1903 | 1905 | Maliki | al-Biblawi (1835–1905) was born in Biblaw, Asyut Governorate |
| 29 | Abd al-Rahman al-Shirbini (Arabic: عبد الرحمن الشربيني) |
1905 | 1907 | Shafii | al-Shirbini (died 1908) was probably born in Sherbin, Dakahlia Governorate | |
| 30 | Hassanuh al-Nawawi (Arabic: حسونة النواوي) |
1907 | 1909 | Hanafi | ||
| 31 | |
Salim al-Bishri (Arabic: سليم البشري) |
1909 | 1917 | Maliki | |
| 32 |  |
Muhammad al-Jizawi (Arabic: محمد أبو الفضل الجيزاوي) |
1917 | 1927 | Maliki | al-Jizawi (1874–1927) was born in El-Warraq, Giza Governorate |
| 33 |  |
Mustafa Al-Maraghi (Arabic: محمد مصطفى المراغي) |
1927 | 1929 | Hanafi | al-Maraghi (1881–1945) was born in El Maragha, Sohag Governorate |
| 34 | Muhammad al-Zawahiri (Arabic: محمد الأحمدي الظواهري) |
1929 | 1935 | Shafii | al-Zawahiri (1878–1944) was born in Kafr Ash Sheikh Dhawahri, Sharqia Governorate. He was of Arab origin. | |
| 35 | |
Mustafa Al-Maraghi (Arabic: محمد مصطفى المراغي) |
1935 | 1945 | Hanafi | |
| 36 | Mustafa Abd al-Rizq (Arabic: مصطفى عبد الرازق) |
1945 | 1947 | Hanafi | Abd al-Rizq (1885–1947) was born in Abu Jirj, Minya Governorate | |
| 37 | Muhammad Ma'mun al-Shinnawi (Arabic: محمد مأمون الشناوي) |
1948 | 1950 | Hanafi | al-Shinnawi (1878–1950) was born in El Zarqa, Damietta Governorate | |
| 38 |  |
Abd al-Majid Salim (Arabic: عبد المجيد سليم) |
1950 | 1951 | Hanafi | Salim (1882–1954) was born in Meet Shahala, Monufia Governorate |
| 39 |  |
Ibrahim Hamrush (Arabic: إبراهيم حمروش) |
1951 | 1952 | Hanafi | Hamrush (1880–1960) was born in Al Khawaled, Beheira Governorate |
| 40 | |
Abd al-Majid Sulaym (Arabic: عبد المجيد سليم) |
1952 | 1952 | Hanafi | |
| 41 |  |
Muhammad al-Khadi Husayn (Arabic: محمد الخضر حسين) |
1952 | 1954 | Maliki | Husayn (1876–1958) was born in Nefta, Tozeur Governorate, Tunisia. He was of Algerian origin. |
| 42 | Abd al-Rahman Taj (Arabic: عبد الرحمن تاج) |
1954 | 1958 | Hanafi | Taj (1896–1975) was born in Asyut, Asyut Governorate | |
| 43 |  |
Mahmud Shaltut (Arabic: محمود شلتوت) |
1958 | 1963 | Hanafi | Shaltut (1893–1963) was born in Minyat Bani Mansur, Beheira Governorate |
| 44 |  |
Hassan Mamoun (Arabic: حسن مأمون) |
1963 | 1969 | Mamoun (1894–1973) was born in Cairo, Cairo Governorate | |
| 45 |  |
Muhammad al-Fahham (Arabic: محمد الفحام) |
1969 | 1973 | al-Fahham (1894–1980) was born in Alexandria Governorate | |
| 46 |  |
Abdel Halim Mahmoud (Arabic: عبد الحليم محمود) |
1973 | 1978 | Maliki | Mahmoud (1910–1978) was born in Al Salam, Sharqia Governorate |
| 47 |  |
Muhammad Abd al-Rahman Bisar (Arabic: محمد عبد الرحمن بيصار) |
1979 | 1982 | Bisar (1910–1982) was born in As Salmiyyah, Kafr El Sheikh Governorate | |
| 48 |  |
Gad al-Haq (Arabic: جاد الحق علي جاد الحق) |
1982 | 1996 | al-Haq (1917–1996) was born in Batra, Dakahlia Governorate | |
| 49 | Muhammad Sayyid Tantawy (Arabic: محمد سيد طنطاوي) |
1996 | 2010 | Shafii | Tantawy (1928–2010) was born in Selim ash-Sharqiyah, Tima municipality, Sohag Governorate | |
| 50 | .jpg.webp) |
Ahmed El-Tayeb (Arabic: أحمد الطيب) |
2010 | present | Maliki | El-Tayeb (born 1946) was born in Kurna, Luxor Governorate |
Footnotes
- ↑ Beattie 2000, p. 225
- ↑ Bennett 2005, p. 220
- ↑ Dodge 1961, p. 83
- 1 2 Dodge 1961, pp. 193–194
References
- Dodge, Bayard (1961), Al-Azhar: A Millennium of Muslim learning, Middle East Institute
- Beattie, Kirk J. (2000), Egypt during the Sadat years, Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 978-0-312-23246-7
- Bennett, Clinton (2005), Muslims and modernity: an introduction to the issues and debates, Continuum International Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-8264-5481-2
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