Sources of Hawaii's utility-scale electricity generation:
full-year 2022[1]

  Petroleum (70.3%)
  Coal (6.8%)
  Wind (6.7%)
  Solar (6.0%)
  Geothermal (3.2%)
  Biomass (2.9%)
  Non-Biogenic Waste (2.8%)
  Hydroelectric (1.4%)

This is a list of electricity-generating power stations in the U.S. state of Hawaii, sorted by type and name. In 2020, Hawaii had a total summer capacity of 2,994 MW through all of its power plants, and a net generation of 9,079 GWh.[2] The corresponding utility-scale electrical energy generation mix in 2021 was 65.4% petroleum-derived fuels, 11.8% coal, 7.3% wind, 5.6% solar, 3.7% non-biogenic waste, 3.1% biomass, and 1.2% hydroelectric.[1] Hawaii's one geothermal plant, which previously supplied about 2% of the state's and 10% of the Big Island's electricity, was offline during 2019 to repair damage from the 2018 lower Puna eruption. The plant came back online in late 2020, slowly ramping up to its full operational level.[3]

Small-scale distributed solar including customer-owned photovoltaic panels delivered an additional 1,273 GWh to the six separate electrical grids serving Hawaii's major islands in 2021.[1] This was more than twice the amount generated by the state's utility-scale photovoltaic plants, and enabled solar energy to account for three-fifths of Hawaii's overall electricity generation by renewables. The state's renewable portfolio standard is the most ambitious in the U.S. at 30% of capacity by 2020, ramping to 100% by 2045. The large dependence on imported petroleum liquids contributes to Hawaii having the highest average retail electricity prices of any U.S. state.[3]

Fossil-fuel power stations

Kahe Power Plant on Farrington Hwy., Kapolei, Oahu

Data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration serves as a general reference.[4]

Coal

Hawaii closed its last coal-fired power plant in September 2022.[5]

Petroleum

NameLocationCoordinatesCapacity
(MW)		TechnologyYear
Opened		Refs
Campbell Industrial ParkHonolulu County21°18′09″N 158°06′06″W / 21.3025°N 158.1017°W / 21.3025; -158.1017 (Campbell Industrial Park)113Simple Cycle[A]2009
Gay RobinsonKauai County21°55′04″N 159°37′46″W / 21.9178°N 159.6294°W / 21.9178; -159.6294 (Gay Robinson)1.0Reciprocating Engine (x2)2010
Hamakua Energy PlantHawaii County20°05′38″N 155°28′16″W / 20.0939°N 155.4711°W / 20.0939; -155.4711 (Hamakua)662x1 Combined Cycle2000
Hana SubstationMaui County20°45′57″N 155°59′46″W / 20.7658°N 155.9961°W / 20.7658; -155.9961 (Hana)2.0Reciprocating Engine (x2)2001
Hawaii CogenHonolulu County21°18′42″N 158°06′50″W / 21.3117°N 158.1139°W / 21.3117; -158.1139 (Hawaii Cogen)12.2Simple Cycle (x4)1990/2011
KaheHonolulu County21°21′23″N 158°07′44″W / 21.3564°N 158.1289°W / 21.3564; -158.1289 (Kahe)609.7Steam Turbine (x6)1963-1981
KahuluiMaui County20°53′49″N 156°27′46″W / 20.8969°N 156.4627°W / 20.8969; -156.4627 (Kahului)34Steam Turbine (x4)1954-1966
Kalaeloa Cogen PlantHonolulu County21°18′08″N 158°05′47″W / 21.3021°N 158.0963°W / 21.3021; -158.0963 (Kalaeloa)299.42x1 Combined Cycle1989/1991
KanoelehuaHawaii County19°42′19″N 155°03′45″W / 19.7052°N 155.0625°W / 19.7052; -155.0625 (Kanoelehua)21Simple Cycle,
Reciprocating Engine		1962,
1972
Kapaia Power Station
(KIUC)		Kauai County21°59′47″N 159°22′33″W / 21.9965°N 159.3758°W / 21.9965; -159.3758 (Kapaia Station)39.1Simple Cycle[B]2002[6][7]
KeaholeHawaii County19°43′54″N 156°01′42″W / 19.7317°N 156.0283°W / 19.7317; -156.0283 (Keahole)89.1Reciprocating Engine (x3),
Simple Cycle,
2x1 Combined Cycle		1984/1988,
1989,
2004/2009
MaalaeaMaui County20°48′04″N 156°29′35″W / 20.8012°N 156.4930°W / 20.8012; -156.4930 (Maalaea)229.8Reciprocating Engine (x15),
2x1 Combined Cycle (x2)		1971–1989,
1993/2006
Miki BasinMaui County20°47′24″N 156°56′03″W / 20.7900°N 156.9342°W / 20.7900; -156.9342 (Miki Basin)10.2Reciprocating Engine (x8)1990/1996
Palaau Power HybridMaui County21°06′22″N 157°03′53″W / 21.1060°N 157.0647°W / 21.1060; -157.0647 (Palaau)14Reciprocating Engine (x9),
Simple Cycle		1985–1996,
Port AllenKauai County21°53′59″N 159°35′06″W / 21.8996°N 159.5850°W / 21.8996; -159.5850 (Port Allen)99.5Reciprocating Engine (x9),
Steam Turbine,
Simple Cycle (x2)		1964–1991,
1969,
1973/1977		[8]
PunaHawaii County19°37′54″N 155°01′53″W / 19.6316°N 155.0313°W / 19.6316; -155.0313 (Puna)39.1Steam Turbine,
Simple Cycle		1988,
1992
Tesoro HawaiiHonolulu County21°18′12″N 158°05′29″W / 21.3033°N 158.0914°W / 21.3033; -158.0914 (Tesoro)20Simple Cycle1982
WaiauHonolulu County21°23′20″N 157°57′41″W / 21.3890°N 157.9615°W / 21.3890; -157.9615 (Waiau)474.6Steam Turbine (x6),
Simple Cycle (x2)		1947–1968,
1973
WaimeaHawaii County20°01′31″N 155°41′44″W / 20.0252°N 155.6955°W / 20.0252; -155.6955 (Waimea)7.5Reciprocating Engine (x3)1970/1972
W H HillHawaii County19°42′15″N 155°03′39″W / 19.7041°N 155.0607°W / 19.7041; -155.0607 (W H Hill)37.1Reciprocating Engine (x3)1965/1974

A Campbell burned biomass liquids exclusively from 2011 to 2017 and shifted to primarily burn distillate fuel oil by 2019.[9]
B Kapaia station's GE LM2500 gas turbine primarily burned jet fuel from its commissioning until 2008 and has since shifted to burn a mixture of other petroleum distillates.[10]

Natural gas

Hawaii had no utility-scale power plants primarily fueled by fossil gas in 2019.

Renewable power stations

Data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration serves as a general reference.[4]

Biomass and municipal waste

NameLocationCoordinatesCapacity
(MW)		Primary FuelTechnologyYear
Opened		Refs
Biomass to Energy Facility, KauaiKauai County21°57′55″N 159°27′38″W / 21.9653°N 159.4606°W / 21.9653; -159.4606 (Kauai Biomass)6.7biofuel,
wood		Reciprocating Engine (x2),
Steam Turbine		2014,
2016		[11]
H PowerHonolulu County21°18′00″N 158°05′55″W / 21.3000°N 158.0986°W / 21.3000; -158.0986 (H Power)97.3Municipal Solid Waste
(biogenic and non-biogenic)		Steam Turbine (x2)1989/2013[12]
HNL Emergency Power Facility
Daniel K. Inouye International Airport		Honolulu County21°20′11″N 157°55′10″W / 21.3364°N 157.9194°W / 21.3364; -157.9194 (HNL EP Facility)10biofuelReciprocating Engine (x4)2017[13]
Schofield Generating StationHonolulu County21°28′43″N 158°03′29″W / 21.4785°N 158.0581°W / 21.4785; -158.0581 (Schofield)50.4biofuelReciprocating Engine (x6)2018[14]

Geothermal

NameLocationCoordinatesCapacity
(MW)		TechnologyYear
Opened		Refs
Puna Geothermal Venture IHawaii County19°28′44″N 154°53′18″W / 19.4790°N 154.8884°W / 19.4790; -154.8884 (Puna Geothermal)38Flash Steam Cycle (x10),
Binary Cycle (x2)		1992,
2012

A The plant was shut down shortly after the start of the May 2018 lower Puna eruption.[15][16]

Hydroelectric

NameLocationCoordinatesCapacity
(MW)		Number of
Turbines		Year
Opened		Refs
Gay RobinsonKauai County21°55′04″N 159°37′46″W / 21.9178°N 159.6294°W / 21.9178; -159.6294 (Gay Robinson Hydro)8.721982/2019
Kaheka HydroMaui County20°53′19″N 156°21′25″W / 20.8886°N 156.3569°W / 20.8886; -156.3569 (Kaheka Hydro)4.531925
Kalaheo HydroKauai County21°56′10″N 159°31′44″W / 21.9361°N 159.5289°W / 21.9361; -159.5289 (Kalaheo Hydro)2.012016
Paia Hydroelectric PlantMaui County20°53′12″N 156°20′16″W / 20.8867°N 156.3378°W / 20.8867; -156.3378 (Paia Hydro)1.311912
PuueoHawaii County19°43′35″N 155°05′27″W / 19.7265°N 155.0908°W / 19.7265; -155.0908 (Puueo Hydro)3.121918/2005[17]
Waiau HydroHawaii County19°43′13″N 155°07′08″W / 19.7203°N 155.1189°W / 19.7203; -155.1189 (Waiau Hydro)1.021921/1928[17]
Wailuku River HydroelectricHawaii County19°42′47″N 155°08′55″W / 19.7130°N 155.1486°W / 19.7130; -155.1486 (Wailuku River Hydro)10.421993[17]
Wainiha HydroKauai County22°11′47″N 159°33′22″W / 22.1963°N 159.5561°W / 22.1963; -159.5561 (Wainiha)3.621906/2010

Solar photovoltaic

NameLocationCoordinatesCapacity
(MWAC)		Year
Opened		Refs
Aloha Solar Energy Fund 1 PK1Honolulu County21°24′25″N 158°09′05″W / 21.4069°N 158.1514°W / 21.4069; -158.1514 (Aloha Solar)5.02017
EE Waianae Solar ProjectHonolulu County21°27′07″N 158°11′16″W / 21.4520°N 158.1879°W / 21.4520; -158.1879 (EE Waianae Solar)27.62017
Kalaeloa Renewable Energy ParkHonolulu County21°19′41″N 158°02′24″W / 21.3281°N 158.0400°W / 21.3281; -158.0400 (Kalaeloa RE Park)5.02014
Kalaeloa Solar TwoHonolulu County21°19′12″N 158°05′13″W / 21.3200°N 158.0869°W / 21.3200; -158.0869 (Kalaeloa Solar Two)5.02012
Kapaa Photovoltaic ProjectKauai County22°04′49″N 159°19′54″W / 22.0804°N 159.3316°W / 22.0804; -159.3316 (Kapaa PV)1.02010
Kapolei Solar Energy ParkHonolulu County21°19′16″N 158°07′03″W / 21.3211°N 158.1175°W / 21.3211; -158.1175 (Kapolei Solar)1.02012
Kawailoa SolarHonolulu County21°37′26″N 158°03′18″W / 21.6240°N 158.0550°W / 21.6240; -158.0550 (Kawailoa Solar)492019
Kekaha SolarKauai County22°00′02″N 159°45′44″W / 22.0006°N 159.7621°W / 22.0006; -159.7621 (Kekaha Solar)142019
Kihei Solar FarmMaui County20°47′37″N 156°26′02″W / 20.7937°N 156.4339°W / 20.7937; -156.4339 (Kihei Solar)2.92018
KIUC Kapaia PVKauai County21°59′50″N 159°22′45″W / 21.9973°N 159.3792°W / 21.9973; -159.3792 (KIUC Kapaia PV)132017[18]
KRS I Anahola Solar HybridKauai County22°07′54″N 159°18′11″W / 22.1317°N 159.3031°W / 22.1317; -159.3031 (KRS I Anahola Solar)122015[19]
KRS II Koloa SolarKauai County21°54′03″N 159°27′00″W / 21.9008°N 159.4500°W / 21.9008; -159.4500 (KRS II Koloa Solar)122014
Ku'ia SolarMaui County20°53′10″N 156°39′28″W / 20.8860°N 156.6579°W / 20.8860; -156.6579 (Ku'ia Solar)2.92018
Lanai Solar-Electric PlantMaui County20°46′00″N 156°55′24″W / 20.7667°N 156.9233°W / 20.7667; -156.9233 (Lanai Solar)1.22008
Lanikuhana Solar LLCHonolulu County21°25′43″N 158°01′25″W / 21.4287°N 158.0236°W / 21.4287; -158.0236 (Lanikuhana Solar)14.72019
Lawai Solar HybridKauai County21°54′30″N 159°29′31″W / 21.9082°N 159.4920°W / 21.9082; -159.4920 (Lawai Solar)202018[20]
Pearl City Peninsula Solar ParkHonolulu County21°22′32″N 157°58′05″W / 21.3756°N 157.9681°W / 21.3756; -157.9681 (Pearl City Peninsula Solar)1.02012
Port Allen SolarKauai County21°54′07″N 159°34′54″W / 21.9019°N 159.5817°W / 21.9019; -159.5817 (Port Allen Solar)6.02012
Waikoloa Solar + Storage Hawaii County 30 2023 [21][22]
Waihonu North SolarHonolulu County21°28′14″N 158°00′48″W / 21.4706°N 158.0133°W / 21.4706; -158.0133 (Waihonu North Solar)5.02016
Waihonu South SolarHonolulu County21°28′08″N 158°00′59″W / 21.4689°N 158.0164°W / 21.4689; -158.0164 (Wihonu South Solar)1.52016
Waipio SolarHonolulu County21°27′22″N 157°58′55″W / 21.4560°N 157.9820°W / 21.4560; -157.9820 (Waipio Solar)49.92019
Waiawa SolarHonolulu County362023
West Loch Solar OneHonolulu County21°20′25″N 158°00′54″W / 21.3403°N 158.0151°W / 21.3403; -158.0151 (West Loch Solar One)202019

Wind

Wind power in Hawaii
NameLocationCoordinatesCapacity
(MW)		Number of
Turbines		Year
Opened		Refs
Auwahi Wind Energy HybridMaui County20°35′46″N 156°19′05″W / 20.5960°N 156.3180°W / 20.5960; -156.3180 (Auwahi Wind)2482012
Hawi Wind FarmHawaii County20°15′26″N 155°51′01″W / 20.2573°N 155.8504°W / 20.2573; -155.8504 (Hawi Wind)10.6162006
Kaheawa Wind PowerMaui County20°48′51″N 156°33′04″W / 20.8142°N 156.5510°W / 20.8142; -156.5510 (Kaheawa Pastures Wind)30202006
Kaheawa Wind Power IIMaui County20°47′41″N 156°32′10″W / 20.7947°N 156.5360°W / 20.7947; -156.5360 (Kaheawa Wind)21142012
Kahuku Wind PowerHonolulu County21°40′52″N 157°58′30″W / 21.6810°N 157.9750°W / 21.6810; -157.9750 (Kahuku Wind)30122011
Kawailoa WindHonolulu County21°36′37″N 158°02′27″W / 21.6103°N 158.0408°W / 21.6103; -158.0408 (Kawailoa Wind)69302012
Pakini Nui Wind FarmHawaii County18°58′27″N 155°41′29″W / 18.9742°N 155.6914°W / 18.9742; -155.6914 (Pakini Nui Wind)21142007
Lalamilo Wells Hawaii County 3.3 5 2017 [23]

Nuclear power stations

Hawaii had no utility-scale power plants fueled by fissile material in 2019

Battery storage facilities

NameLocationCoordinatesDischarge
Capacity
(MW)		Storage
Capacity[A]
(MWh)		Year
Opened		Refs
Anahola Solar HybridKauai County22°07′54″N 159°18′11″W / 22.1317°N 159.3031°W / 22.1317; -159.3031 (Anahola Solar BESS)64.62015[19]
Auwahi Wind Storage
(A123 BESS)		Maui County20°35′46″N 156°19′05″W / 20.5960°N 156.3180°W / 20.5960; -156.3180 (Auwahi Wind BESS)114.42012[24]
Campbell Industrial Park BESSHonolulu County
(Kapolei)		21°18′23″N 158°06′18″W / 21.3064°N 158.1050°W / 21.3064; -158.1050 (Campbell BESS)1.00.252016[25]
Hawi Wind BESSHawaii County20°15′26″N 155°51′01″W / 20.2573°N 155.8504°W / 20.2573; -155.8504 (Hawi Wind BESS)1.00.252012
Kaheawa Wind II StorageMaui County20°47′41″N 156°32′10″W / 20.7947°N 156.5360°W / 20.7947; -156.5360 (Kaheawa Wind BESS)10202012
KIUC Kapaia PV Storage
(Tesla BESS)		Kauai County21°59′50″N 159°22′45″W / 21.9973°N 159.3792°W / 21.9973; -159.3792 (Kapaia PV Storage)13522017[18]
Lawai Solar Storage
(AES Lawai Solar Hybrid)		Kauai County21°54′30″N 159°29′31″W / 21.9082°N 159.4920°W / 21.9082; -159.4920 (Lawai Solar Storage)201002018[20]
Palaau Power Hybrid
(Molokaii BESS)		Maui County21°06′22″N 157°03′53″W / 21.1060°N 157.0647°W / 21.1060; -157.0647 (Palaau Storage)2.00.3752017[26]

A Battery storage power stations stabilize an electrical grid against fluctuations in solar and wind generation for periods extending from less than a minute to as long as several hours.[27]

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, Hawaii, Fuel Type-Check all, Annual, 2001–21". www.eia.gov. Retrieved 2022-07-18.
  2. ↑ "Hawaii Electricity Profile". U.S. Energy Information Administration. Retrieved 2021-01-03.
  3. 1 2 "Hawaii Electricity Profile Analysis". U.S. EIA. Retrieved 2022-07-18.
  4. 1 2 Energy Information Administration (15 September 2020). "Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (EIA-860A/860B)". eia.gov. Archived from the original on 18 September 2020.
  5. ↑ Jones, Caleb (September 1, 2022). "Hawaii quits coal in bid to fight climate change". Associated Press. Archived from the original on September 4, 2022. Retrieved September 4, 2022.
  6. ↑ "Kapaia Power Station". ostg.com. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  7. ↑ "Kapaia Power Station Oil Plant". Global Energy Observatory. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  8. ↑ "Port Allen Oil Power Plant". IndustryAbout. Retrieved 2020-02-21.
  9. ↑ "Campbell Industrial Park". EIA. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  10. ↑ "Kapaia Power Station". EIA. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  11. ↑ "Firing up biomass facility". thegardenisland.com. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
  12. ↑ "Covanta Honolulu". Covanta. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
  13. ↑ "Daniel K. Inouye International Airport Emergency Power Facility In Full Operation". Hawaii.gov. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
  14. ↑ "Hawaiian Electric, U.S. Army announce completion of Schofield Generating Station". Hawaiian Electric Company. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
  15. ↑ "Lava speeds up, forcing evacuations and covering well at Puna Geothermal plant". Star Advertiser. May 27, 2018.
  16. ↑ "Puna Geothermal Venture faces challenges amid uncertainty". Star Advertiser. July 8, 2018.
  17. 1 2 3 "Hydroelectricity". www.hawaiianelectric.com. Archived from the original on 2018-02-01. Retrieved 2018-02-01.
  18. 1 2 "Tesla built a huge solar energy plant on the island of Kauai". theverge.com. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
  19. 1 2 "Kauai utility to start work on $54M Anahola solar farm this spring". bizjournals.com. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
  20. 1 2 "AES Completes Record-Breaking Solar and Battery Plant on Kauai". greentechmedia.com. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
  21. ↑ "First large-scale solar farm on Hawaiʻi Island now activated". Hawai'i Public Radio. 2023-05-03. Retrieved 2023-08-21.
  22. ↑ "Waikoloa Solar + Storage Project". AES. Retrieved 2023-08-21.
  23. ↑ "California company plans to build $13M wind farm on Hawaii's Big Island". www.bizjournals.com. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
  24. ↑ "Auwahi Wind" (PDF). Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources. 2019-05-01.
  25. ↑ Robert Walton (2016-09-28). "In pursuit of 100% renewables, HECO installs 1st utility-scale battery on Oahu". Utility Dive.
  26. ↑ "$3.1M Battery Proposed for Power Plant". themolokaidispatch.com. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
  27. ↑ "Grid Modernization". Hawaii State Energy Office. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
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