The Politics of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Hunan province in the People's Republic of China is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China.

The Mayor of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture or Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Municipal Government. However, in the prefecture's dual party-government governing system, the Mayor has less power than the Communist Party of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Municipal Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the "CPC Party Chief of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture" or "Communist Party Secretary of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture".

History

During the 1950s, debate arose within government institutions of Hunan about what sort of designation to bestow upon present-day Xiangxi, resulting from a wider debate about Tujia identity. In the early portion of the decade, a number of ethnic Tujia in the region and beyond protested initial classifications which labelled them as part of the Miao people.[1]: 370  This classification resulted in Xiangxi being designated as a Miao Autonomous Prefecture during this period.[1]: 370  Provincial officials remained quite hesitant about officially recognizing the Tujia people as their own ethnic group, with one protesting during a meeting that "If the Tujia are an ethnic minority, all of China is [made up of] ethnic minorities, and I am an ethnic minority too".[1]: 371  In February 1954, a team from the national government concluded that the Tujia were a distinct ethnic minority, which Hunan provincials again rejected.[1]: 371  Hunan officials, opposed to create a Tujia Autonomous Prefecture due in part to the affirmative action policies which the region would receive, even claimed that the Tujia language was simply a local dialect.[1]: 371  Finally, on January 3, 1957, the central government recognized the Tujia people as a distinct ethnicity.[1]: 371 

This decision shifted the debate over whether the Tujia of Hunan should be awarded their own Autonomous Prefecture, or whether it would be shared with the local Miao people.[1]: 371  Many Tujia in the region supported a distinctly Tujia Autonomous Prefecture, while officials in the Hunan provincial government largely favored a joint Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture.[1]: 371  During this time, the national Anti-Rightist Campaign began to intensify, resulting in a number of people in the area being listed as "rightists".[1]: 371–372  Shortly before a provincial meeting regarding the status of the Autonomous Prefecture, a prominent activist for a solely Tujia Autonomous Prefecture was condemned for being a rightist, influencing the meeting participants to recommend a joint Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture.[1]: 371–372 

Following this recommendation, the Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture was established in the summer in 1957.[1]: 372  However, the Anti-Rightist Campaign began to intensify shortly after the Autonomous Prefecture's founding, and began to include ethnic issues among its "rightist" offenses.[1]: 372  Throughout Hunan, over 300 people were labelled as "ethnic problems" (Chinese: 民族问题; pinyin: mínzú wèntí), and 41 Tujia people were labelled as "ethnic rightists" (Chinese: 民族右派分子; pinyin: mínzú yòupài fènzi).[1]: 372  However, the Hunan provincial government's past unwillingness to classify and identify Tujia people prevented any wider targeting within the region.[1]: 372  These problems regarding the Tujia people appear to be isolated to Hunan, with few instances of anti-Tujia targeting being reported among the Tujia population in neighboring Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, in Hubei province.[1]: 372–373 

Following the death of Mao Zedong, and the end of the Cultural Revolution, the Eleventh Congress of the Chinese Communist Party reintroduced policies meant to empower and aid ethnic minorities.[1]: 373  However, many in Hunan remained fearful of ethnic persecution, and the provincial government failed to restart these policies for multiple years.[1]: 373–374  During the mid-1980s, government authorities within the Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture began to survey the Autonomous Prefecture's population in order to identify ethnic minorities, often using self-reports to classify people.[1]: 376 

One report from 1996 found that the one-child policy, which ethnic minorities were supposed to be exempt from, was loosely enforced among the Tujia people of the Autonomous Prefecture.[1]: 387 

On August 14, 2009, Li Dalun was sentenced to life imprisonment for accepting bribes, holding a huge amount of property from an unidentified source and abusing his power by the Higher People's Court in Hunan.[2][3]

On December 18, 2013, Tong Mingqian was placed under investigation by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Chinese Communist Party for "serious violations of laws and regulations".[4]

List of mayors of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture

No.English nameChinese nameTook officeLeft officeNotes
1Ning Sheng宁生April 19771978
2Wu Yunchang吴运昌19781981Director of Revolutionary Committee
3Wu Yunchang吴运昌19811988
4Shi Yuzhen石玉珍January 1988December 1992
5Xiang Shilin向世林December 1992October 1997
6Wu Jihai武吉海October 1997January 1998Acting
7Wu Jihai武吉海January 1998March 2003
8Du Chongyan杜崇烟April 2003February 2004Acting
9Du Chongyan杜崇烟February 2004December 2007
10Xu Keqin徐克勤January 2008December 2008
11Ye Hongzhuan叶红专December 2008February 2013
12Guo Jianqun郭建群February 2013May 2013Acting[5]
13Guo Jianqun郭建群May 201313 October 2016She died[6]
14Long Xiaohua龙晓华October 2016January 2017Acting
15Long Xiaohua龙晓华January 2017[7]

List of CPC Party secretaries of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture

No.English nameChinese nameTook officeLeft officeNotes
1Ning Sheng宁生April 1977May 1983
2Yang Zhengwu杨正午June 1983February 1990
3Zheng Peimin郑培民May 19901994
4Shi Changlu石昌禄1994April 1995
5Li Dalun李大伦April 19951998
6Peng Duixi彭对喜January 1997February 2003
7Tong Mingqian童名谦February 2003March 2008
8He Zezhong何泽中March 2008January 2013[8]
9Ye Hongzhuan叶红专January 2013March 2021[9]
10Guo Zhenggui虢正贵March 2021[10]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Brown, Melissa J. (2002). "Local Government Agency: Manipulating Tujia Identity". Modern China. 28 (3): 362–395. ISSN 0097-7004.
  2. ↑ 郴州原书记落马. Sohu (in Chinese). 2006.
  3. ↑ Liu Shuang; Liu Zhijie; Zeng Yan (2015-02-03). 湖南去年740名犯人减刑 含郴州市委原书记李大伦. rednet.cn (in Chinese).
  4. ↑ "湖南政协副主席童名谦被查 距巡视组进驻仅48天". Neteast. 2013-12-19. Retrieved 2013-12-19.
  5. ↑ 郭建群当选湘西州州长 许显辉当选张家界市市长. Chinanews (in Chinese). 2013-05-26.
  6. ↑ 湘西自治州州长郭建群因病去世. sina (in Chinese). 2016-10-14.
  7. ↑ 湘西州新一届州长、副州长名单(州长龙晓华). 163.com (in Chinese). 2017-01-17.
  8. ↑ 湘西州委书记何泽中调任福建省检察院党组书记. ce.cn (in Chinese). 2013-01-22.
  9. ↑ 中共湘西州委书记叶红专：我们的奋斗 我们的湘西. ifeng (in Chinese). 2017-09-19.
  10. ↑ Zhuang Yu (庄彧) (21 March 2021). 虢正贵任湘西州委书记 叶红专不再兼任. ce.cn (in Chinese). Retrieved 31 October 2021.
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